2023-05-26 16:04:51|已浏览:39次
剑桥雅思10Test4Passage3阅读答案解析 when evolution runs backwards
剑桥雅思10 Test4 Passage3阅读答案解析
第27题答案:C
对应原文:第3段:Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability
答案解析:原文中提到,20世纪初的生物学家得出了相似的结论,但他们用概率来进行表述。即20世纪初的生物学家对理论进行了修正,由此确定C为答案。A选项错在immediately,B选项与原文立场相反,D选项则完全没有提及,因此统统排除。
第28题答案:D
对应原文:第4段:Yet almost since the idea took root, exceptions have been cropping up.
答案解析:这种“例子说明什么”的题目,答案一般都在例子前或者例子后。这里是为了说明例外不断出现,unusual与exception对应,由此确定D为答案。A选项和C选项在原文中都没有提及,而B选项则与原文陈述相反,因此统统排除。
第29题答案:C
对应原文:第5段:If these silent genes are somehow switched back on, they argued, long-lost traits could reappear.
答案解析:第5段最后提到,如果这些沉默的基因以某种方式再被打开,那么已经消失很久的特征就会再次出现。由此确定C为答案。原文中没有提到A选项和B选项。而D选项则错在unlimited life span,由此统统排除。
第30题答案:B
对应原文:第7段:In other words, metamorphosis in mole salamanders is an atavism. The salamander example fits with Raff’s 10-million-year time frame.
答案解析:第7段最后提到,蝾螈的例子符合Raff一千万年的时间限制,即说明了Raff理论的正确性,由此确定B为答案。A选项错在most amphibians上,C选项错在more than one ability上,D选项则完全没有提及。
第31题答案:A
对应原文:第8段:According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors
答案解析:根据Wagner的研究,有指头的物种从没有指头的祖先那里再次进化出了指头,由此确定A为答案。选项B与选项D完全没有提到,选项C与原文陈述相反(该例子打破了Raff的时间限制),因此统统排除。
第32题答案:F
对应原文:第1段:For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards’
答案解析:根据a long time与a century对应定位到这句话。原文中提到,大多数生物学家不愿意使用返祖这一词汇,认为进化不可能倒退。选项F中reversible与run backwards同义替换,由此确定答案。
第33题答案:G
对应原文:第3段:While Lombroso was measuring criminals, a Belgian palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion.
答案解析:根据opposite与opposing的对应定位到这句话。原文中表示,一名叫做Louis Dollo的比利时古生物学家提出了与Lombroso相反的观点,由此确定G为答案。
第34题答案:A
对应原文:第5段:so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. And this poses a puzzle: how can characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago suddenly reappear?
答案解析:根据examples of evolutionary throwbacks定位到这句话。原文中提到这些例子导致一个问题,即这些几百万年前消失的特征如何突然再次出现。A选项将puzzle替换为question,characteristics替换为traits,由此确定答案。
第35题答案:B
对应原文:第9段:One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales.
答案解析:根据shark与killer whale定位到这句话。根据原文,它们是用来说明,相似的特征可以独立出现在不相关的物种上。B选项将arise替换为occurance,unrelated替换为different,用particular feature指代dorsal fins,由此确定答案。
第36题答案:D
对应原文:第9段:Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated.
答案解析:第9段提到了这一现象的两种解释。一种认为这些特征消失之后再次出现,而另一种则认为相应的基因信息一直保存下来。前一种在选项中没有对应,后一种则与D选项的描述相符合,由此确定答案。
第37题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文:无
答案解析:原文中只是提到Wagner研究了南美蜥蜴,而没有说他是否是第一个这样做的人。题干属于无中生有,由此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第38题答案:YES
对应原文:第8段:According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors
答案解析:题干中的每个信息点在这句话中都能够找到对应,而且几乎没有任何同义替换,很容易判断答案为YES。
第39题答案:NO
对应原文:第10段:Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features.
答案解析:原文中提到,许多物种的早期胚胎都发展出其祖先的特征。题干中rare的说法与原文描述相反,因此判断答案为NO。
第40题答案:YES
对应原文:第10段:If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism.
答案解析:原文中提到,如果因为某种原因导致该机制(子宫中的发育程序)没有起作用,祖先的特征就可能不会消失,导致返祖的现象。题干中的描述与此完全一致,因此判断答案为YES。
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