2023-06-08 16:04:38|已浏览:74次
剑桥雅思5 Test 1阅读Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture,今天就来为大家分析这个问题。
Nature or Nurture
服从实验
剑桥雅思5 Test 1 Passage 2阅读答案解析
第14题答案:F
对应原文:F段:Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock
解析:对实验对象行为的具体解释主要是F,G和H三段,其中F段将的是基因的问题,对应题干中的biological,而G段和H段则主要说是社会环境的影响。由此确定答案为F
第15题答案:A
对应原文:A段:Specifically,Milgram told each volunteer‘teacher-subject’that the experiment was in the noble cause of education
解析:关于实验的介绍主要出现在前三段,而B段和C段以实验步骤为主。因此我们先看A段,如果实在找不到对应内容再去看B段和C段,结果发现A段中的In the noble cause of education,即实验室为了教育的高尚目的,与题干中的explanation能够对应,因此确定答案。
第16题答案:B
对应原文:B段:The supposed‘pupil’was in reality an actor hired by Milgram
解析:跟上面一样,对实验素材的介绍应该在开头部分,A段已经选过,题干文章来自老烤鸭雅思中也没有说明有选项可以使用两次,因此直接排除。将注意力集中在B段和C段,发现B段中间提到学生其实是演员,对应identity一词,由此确定答案。
第17题答案:D
对应原文:D段:The psychiatrists felt that‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.Furthermore,they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.
解析:整个D段都是在说精神科医生预测的事情。当然大家也可以根据题干中的statistical一词去文章中寻找百分比,进而确定答案。
第18题答案:I
对应原文:I段:This,in essence,is the problem of modern sociobiology?to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…
解析:sociobiology在最后几段才出现。根据14题的分析,F段,G段和H段都在解释实验对象的具体行为,不像是有这种总结性质的东西,因此我们先从I段看起,发现其中的破折号和to discover跟题干中的general aim对应,由此确定答案。
第19题答案:C
对应原文:C段:Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment…Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment…
解析:这道题目相对要简单一些,C段的后大半部分几乎都是在解释当实验对象出现犹豫的时候,米尔格拉姆如何劝说他们继续,跟题干中的Persuade对应,由此确定答案。
第20题答案:B
对应原文:A段:…punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.
解析:A选项中450伏危险是已经表明的,不需要测试。C选项和D选项完全没有提到。B选项中的punishment跟learn都是原词重现,help也可以被认为是positive effect的同义替换,由此确定B是答案。
第21题答案:D
对应原文:B段:The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question,a shock was to be administered,beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer
解析:选项A完全没有提到。实验过程中是学生指责实验者,而非相反,因此B选项也排除。C选项错在降低电击水平上,原文中只提到了升高,是否降低我们不得而知。而D选项中的punishment就对应电击,而且原文中也明确说了实行电击的规则。由此确定答案。
第22题答案:C
对应原文:D段:The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.
E段:What were the actual results?Well,over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit!
解析:A选项没提到,B选项中的fali to agree与原文中consensus相反,也排除。原文中说精神科医生认为几乎所有人都会拒绝实行电击,而实际结果则是有60%的人都采用了450伏的电击。也就是说他们低估了实验对象的意愿,因此确定答案为C。
第23题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions…
解析:文章只在第一段介绍实验设计人员身份的时候提到了耶鲁大学,并说明实验对象来自各行各业,但并没有提到是否包含耶鲁大学的学生,因此判断为NOT GIVEN
第24题答案:TRUE
对应原文:F段:A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait,having been of survival value to our ancestors…
解析:题干前半部分基本都是废话,判断的关键在于是否存在positive survival mechnism,而这正好与原文中的sruvival value,advantageous trait对应,因此确定答案。
第25题答案:FALSE
对应原文:H段:…surrendering individual properties like loyalty,self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.
解析:sociological explanation在原文中的G段和H段出现,题干中的personal value和原文中的individual properties对应,authority原词出现。但原文中说的是个人品质屈服于权威,而非相反,因此判断为FALSE
第26题答案:FALSE
对应原文:I段:Here we have two radically different explanations…The problem…is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible.
解析:根据原文中的说法,我们尚不能分辨实验结果的两种解释究竟哪个对,也就是说还有待解答。这与题干中的solve完全相反,因此判断答案为FALSE
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