剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage2真题翻译(1)

剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage2真题翻译(1) 关于这个问题下面小编就来为各个考生解答下。

剑桥雅思13Test3阅读passage2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

How baby talk gives infant brains a boost

“婴儿腔”对婴儿大脑发育的促进

The typical way of talking to a baby 一 high-pitched, exaggerated and repetitious 一 is a source of fascination for linguists who hope to understand how 'baby talk’ impacts on learning. Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb, prompting some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies. Some research even suggests that infants are listening to adult speech as early as 10 weeks before being born, gathering the basic building blocks of their family's native tongue.

通常人们向婴儿说话的方式――即高调门、夸张、重复――一直让语言学家们感到兴奋,他们想理解“婴儿腔”是如何影响学习行为的。多数婴儿在尚未出生时便开始发育听觉能力,这促使许多望子成龙的家长们会对着隆起的孕腹播放古典音乐。甚至有研究指出,婴儿在出生前10周便开始听成人说话,这为他们掌握家族的母语积累了素材。

Early language exposure seems to have benefits to the brain ― for instance, studies suggest that babies raised in bilingual homes are better at learning how to mentally prioritize information. So how does the sweet if sometimes absurd sound of infantdirected speech influence a baby’s development? Here are some recent studies that explore the science behind baby talk.

较早接触语言似乎能让大脑受益――例如,研究表明在双语环境中成长的婴儿更善于学习如何在头脑中优化信息处理。那么对?儿说出甜蜜的(有时甚至是荒谬可笑的)腔调又是如何影响婴儿的成长发育的呢?以下这些近期的研究探讨了“婴儿腔”背后的科学道理。

Fathers don’t use baby talk as often or in the same ways as mothers - and that’s perfectly OK, according to a new study. Mark Van Dam of Washington State University at Spokane and colleagues equipped parents with recording devices and speech-recognition software to study the way they interacted with their youngsters during a normal day. ‘We found that moms do exactly what you'd expect and what’s been described many times over,’ Van Dam explains. ‘But we found that dads aren't doing the same thing. Dads didn't raise their pitch or fundamental frequency when they talked to kids.，Their role may be rooted in what is called the bridge hypothesis, which dates back to 1975. It suggests that fathers use less familial language to provide their children with a bridge to the kind of speech they'll hear in public. The idea is that a kid gets to practice a certain kind of speech with mom and another kind of speech with dad, so the kid then has a wider repertoire of kinds of speech to practice,' says VanDam.

据一项研究表明,父亲们通常不像母亲们那样频繁地或类似地使用“婴儿腔”这一点毫无问题。华盛顿州立大学(斯波坎)的马克?凡丹姆及其同事们给一些父母们装上了录音装置及声音识别软件,以研究他们在日常生活中是如何与婴儿进行互动的。他说:“我们发现母亲们的所作所为与人们所想的完全一样,也是人们多次重申过的。但我们也发现父亲们很少这样做。父亲们跟婴儿说话时通常不会提高声调或频率。”他们的角色或许植根于所谓的“桥梁假说”,这要追溯到1975年。这一假说认为父亲们之所以使用不那么亲密的语言,是为了让孩子街接在公众场合听到的声音。他说:“这个假说就是让孩子与母亲练习一种语言,而与父亲练习另一种语言,这样孩子就能有更广泛的语言储备。”

Scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut collected thousands of 30-second conversations between parents and their babies, fitting 26 children with audio-recording vests that captured language and sound during a typical eight-hour day. The study found that the more baby talk parents used, the more their youngsters began to babble. And when researchers saw the same babies at age two, they found that frequent baby talk had dramatically boosted vocabulary, regardless of socioeconomic status. Those children who listened to a lot of baby talk were talking more than the babies that listened to moreadult talk or standard speech,，says Nairan Ramfrez-Esparza of the University of Connecticut. ‘We also found that it really matters whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context,' she adds. The more parents use baby talk one-on-one, the more babies babble, and the more they babble, the more words they produce later in life;

来自华盛顿大学和康涅狄格大学的科学家们收集了数千份父母与孩子间的对话,时长均为30秒,他们给孩子们穿上带有录音设备的马甲,能在日常的每天8小时的时间里收集语言和声音。研究发现父母用的“婴儿腔”越多,他们的孩子就越开始说话。而且当研究者们在孩子2岁再次探访时发现,频繁使用“婴儿腔极大地提高了?儿的词汇量,无论他们的社会经济阶层如何康涅狄格大你竹伦?拉米兹?伊斯帕扎说:“听‘?儿腔’比较多的婴儿说话多于听成人腔或正常名;话的婴儿」我们还发现是否在一对一的情况下使用‘婴儿腔’这一点也很关键。父母越频繁地一对一使用‘婴儿腔',婴儿就越频繁地牙牙学语,而他们学得越多,他们在今后的生活中就会使用更多的词。”

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